冬至日 – 和孩子度過充滿學習意義的團聚時光 Cultural and Language Learning on Winter Solstice Day
思維從這特別的日子開始發散，你能想到什麼？
冬至日 是一個團聚的重要節日
有豐富的文化內涵和自然意義
圍繞冬至日
可以和小朋友一起玩一起學的有很多喔
以下是一些
關於冬至的三個學習靈感💡
↓↓↓
The winter solstice has always been an important day to Chinese people. In this post, we will share with you some of the traditional activities practiced on this day.
一、傳統文化 Traditional cultural studies
冬至大如年
九九消寒圖
冬至日，是二十四節氣其中之一，也是中華民族的傳統節日。作為以前農民年末秋收后的慶祝日子，人們在這天彼此賀冬，祭祖祈福，有「冬至大如年」的說法，在廣東甚至有「冬大過年」一說，冬至也被稱為「冬節」、「亞歲」、「長至節」等。
在這天，人們有著很多和食物相關習俗，而且這些習俗都體現出當地的歷史、氣候、風物、甚至語言的特色呢。
The winter solstice is one of the 24 “jie qi” (designated seasonal days) of a year, following the Chinese lunar calendar. As it comes after the harvest season, there is always a lot of thanksgiving worshipping and celebration. In Guangdong, it is sometimes even treated as more important than the Chinese New Year.
- 長江以北的大部分地區有冬至吃餃子的傳統，還流傳一個故事：南陽醫聖張仲景在寒冬告老還鄉時，看見很多鄉親的耳朵被凍爛了，就讓弟子搭起醫棚，用羊肉、辣椒和一些驅寒藥材放在鍋裡煮熟，撈出來剁碎，用面皮包成像耳朵的樣子，做成「驅寒矯耳湯」給百姓吃。后來，人們在冬至保留了「捏凍耳朵」的習俗，並把它稱為「餃子」。
- North of Yangzi River: dumplings are their go-to dish. There is a beautiful story about how dumplings were invented. Once there was a retired medical doctor called Zhang Zhong-Jing who noticed that people were suffering from frostbite on their ears. He therefore told his apprentices to set up a tent and prepare a special soup, using mutton and chilies, ground together with some medicinal herbs, wrapped in pastry sheet and formed into ear-like shape. He named it the “Cold-driving and Ear-curing Soup”. People have since kept the practice, but changed its name to Jiao-zi (dumplings).
- 江浙一帶在冬至人們喜歡吃湯圓，裡面包上精肉、豆沙、蘿卜絲等；
- 蘇州一帶有冬至晚喝桂花冬釀酒的習俗，加入當年桂花釀造的米酒，清香且驅寒；
- 江南一帶冬至晚全家歡聚共吃赤豆糯米飯；
- 廣東人還有祭祖分豬肉、分柑等習俗，「柑」取其與「金」在粵語中的同音。
- Jiang-Zhe area: on this day, people like to have round dumplings, filled with ground meat, bean paste, shredded turnip, and more.
- Su-Zhou area: people typically enjoy a special rice wine brewed with the elderflower harvested earlier on in the same year, to cast the cold out of their bodies.
- South of Yangzi River: the winter solstice is a day of family reunion, and people typically have red bead glutinous rice on this day.
- Guangdong: there are rituals of worship, sharing of pork and mandarins (柑). (柑 sounds the same as 金 (meaning “gold”) in Cantonese.)
民間還有「數九」的習俗，即從冬至日開始算，每九天算「一九」，依此類推，一般「三九」時最冷，數完九九八十一天，便是春深日暖之時。
為了數九，古人發明了「九九消寒圖」：
- 一種是繁體「亭前垂柳珍重待春風」九個字：每個字有九劃，九個字就總共九九八十一劃。從冬至當天開始，每天按順序描紅一個筆劃；
- 另一種是「梅花消寒圖」：畫一枝素梅，枝上畫梅花九朵，每朵梅花九片花瓣，總共是九九八十一瓣；每過一天就給一片花瓣上色。
您也來和孩子一起做一個娃娃版的九九消寒圖吧，既鍛煉小朋友的數數能力、動手能力、繪畫能力，又有趣浪漫。
There is also the custom of “Count Nine”, which is counting the days following the day of winter solstice. The first 9th day is “one-nine”, the second 9th day (the 18th day) is “two-nine”, etc. The nineth 9th day, which is in fact 81st day, is the beginning of the following spring.
A long, long time ago, people invented a “Nine-nine Driving Cold Drawing” to help them “Count Nine”. There are two ways to do it:
- In traditional Chinese writing, people use the 9 characters “亭前垂柳珍重待春風” /tíng qián chuí liǔ zhēn zhòng dài chūn fēng/ (this literally translates as “in front of a pavilion, with the willow branches hanging down, take good care, and wait for the spring breeze”). Each of these 9 characters are made up of 9 writing strokes, which give 81 strokes altogether. Following the winter solstice, one would trace 1 stroke each day.
- A drawing of a simple plum flower branch, with 9 plum flowers on it. Each flower has 9 petals, making up 81 petals altogether. One would colour in a petal a day.
Perhaps this may inspire you to make a plum flower drawing with your child. It would be a fun way to help your child learn how to count, while practicing drawing and coordination.
二、物理科學 Scientific studies
晝最短 夜最長
找長長的影子
據文獻記載，在春秋時期，中國人就用土圭觀測太陽，測出了冬至，是二十四節氣中最早定出的一個。它是二十四節氣的第二十二個節氣，大概在每年公歷的12月21-23日。過了 冬至日 ，天氣就會越來越寒冷，直到回春。
從地理學上看，這天太陽直射點在南回歸線，北半球的太陽高度最小，太陽光對北半球最為傾斜。冬至是北半球一年中白晝最短，黑夜最長的一天。在北極圈內甚至24小時都是黑夜。冬至過後，太陽直射點從南回歸線向北移動，北半球的白晝逐日增長。古人認為這是「陰極之至，陽氣始生」，所以把冬至當作年周期、大自然氣運周期、萬物生長周期的真正起點。
今天還是北半球影子最長的時候喲，您所在的地方陽光不錯的話，帶上孩子出門去尋找長長的影子吧！
According to records, the winter solstice was the very first jie-qi defined in China. Around as early as 770 BCE, Chinese people accurately identified the winter solstice by observing the positions of the sun with a sundial. In the northern hemisphere, this is the day with the shortest period of daylight and the longest period of night time. It is also the day our shadows are the longest in the year.
If today happens to be a sunny day at where you are, take your child outdoor to look at some shadows.
三、語言學習 Language studies
農諺歌謠多
一起來造句
- 「冬至黑，過年疏；冬至疏，過年黑」，意思是冬至這天如果沒有太陽，過年一定晴天；反之，如果冬至放晴，過年就會下雨。
- 「冬至前犁金，冬至后犁鐵」說的是在冬至日之前犁田對於庄稼作物的好處。
- 關於順應節氣飲食的建議：「冬至蘿卜夏至姜，適時進食無病痛」。
- 北方還流傳一首數九的歌謠：
「一九 二九 不出手；
三九 四九 冰上走；
五九 六九 沿河看柳；
七九河開 八九雁來；
九九加一九，耕牛遍地走。」
- A dark winter solstice promises a bright new year’s day. A sunny winter solstice brings a rainy new year’s day.
- Plough before winter solstice is gold. Plough after winter solstice is iron.
- Eat turnip on winter solstice and eat ginger on summer solstice. These are ways to reduce bodily pains and illnesses.
- In the north, there is a Counting Nine rhyme:
「一九 二九 不出手；(one-nine, two-nine, you do nothing)
三九 四九 冰上走；(three-nine, four nine, you can walk on frozen rivers)
五九 六九 沿河看柳；(five-nine, six-nine, enjoy the willows along the river banks)
七九河開 八九雁來；(seven-nine, rivers melt; eight-nine, wild geese return)
九九加一九，耕牛遍地走。(nine-nine plus one-nine, ploughing oxen work in the fields)」
關於冬至和冬天，小朋友可以聯想到什麼？冬天的感受是什麼？冬至這天有誰會一起到家裡來吃飯嗎？今晚有什麼活動嗎？一些應節的親子對話，不但能加強他們的語文表達能力，豐富詞匯，還能讓您一窺孩子的內心世界，拉近親子關係呢。
利用從基礎漢字500學過的字，和小朋友圍繞冬天/冬至來做一些組詞和造句的活動吧！也可以利用閱讀練習卡，讓小朋友嘗試表達出句子的意思，找出相應字卡，可以挖空其中一兩個，讓小朋友選擇字卡填空。閱讀練習卡正面是漢字，背面是拼音，靈活運用就能加深孩子對單字的理解和印象哦。
Talk to your child about winter and winter solstice. What do they associate it with? How do they feel about winter? What specific dishes would they like to eat on winter solstice? This would be a good opportunity for them to learn new words, expressions, and to practice speaking.
In the Basic Chinese 500 course, there are many characters and words that you could use for winter and the winter solstice. With the Study Cards and a little bit of creativity, you could do some matching, pairing, or filling in the blank activities with your child.
比如 Here are some examples:
- 冬天，很冷，風很大，要穿毛衣、穿大衣。
- 北方會下雪，我們幾個朋友一起做雪人玩。
- 冬至，人人都回家，大家都很快樂。
- 桌上有水果，雞肉，牛肉，魚肉……很多美味的菜啊。
認真感受每個溫馨快樂的時刻
把學習融於生活
和小朋友一起成長吧
我們會經常為大家探討漢字和語文的課題。
要是你有特別的相關課題希望我們探討，歡迎您告訴我們。
We discuss Chinese language and culture related topics on a regular basis.
If you would like us to discuss certain topics about Chinese, please let us know.
更多教養支援 SUPPORT FOR YOU
很多家長都已是我們 Facebook 群組【講媽 · 講爸園地】 的成員。歡迎你也加入我們，一起互相鼓勵和支持，共同為孩子的學習而努力。
Many parents are already part of our Facebook Group. If you’d like to take advantage of the collective wisdom of your fellow parents, please join us.
We’d love to hear from you.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.