卡牌 歇後語 – 中文認讀 升級
在上一篇文章《漢語獨有的說話藝術：歇後語》中我們從歷史發展、語言構成、地域性等方面介紹了歇後語的特點。很多歇後語用字並不複雜，小朋友在學習中掌握的簡單漢字，就已經能組成不少歇後語。正在學習基礎漢字500課程的小朋友利用歇後語來深化 中文認讀 練習就更能體驗學以致用了。
你也許會認為，有些歇後語聽起來有種過時的感覺，在我們日常生活中並不常用。孩子學習歇後語，有甚麼用呢？
中文認讀 升級 - 學習歇後語的好處
- 增加認讀漢字的練習
- 漢語修辭學習，例如同音字*、一語雙關詞等
- 培養孩子留心觀察，包括自然界、日常生活、科學現像、人際關係等
- 學習文化，包括我們整體的傳統文化和各鄉各例的地道文化
- 激活孩子的聯想，增強舉一反三和逆向思維的能力
*粵語的歇後語經常會生動地運用同音字。停如：
- 火燒旗桿 > 長嘆 (炭) (是嘆氣/嘆息？還是「嘆世界」呢？哈哈… )
- 老公潑扇 > 淒 (妻) 涼
- 和尚擔遮 (=撐傘) > 無法 (髮) 無天
以下我們就來以字卡和遊戲讓小朋友進一步感受歇後語的魅力，一起動手升級 中文認讀 能力吧！
In one of our previous posts, we discussed the history and structure of xiehouyu (歇後語), and its geographical and rhetorical variations. Most of the words used in xiehouyu are not difficult, especially to children who are studying Basic Chinese 500.
Let’s have a look at the two activities below.
ACTIVITIY 1 - 歇後語配對 Matching Xiehouyu
(age 3+, single or multiple players)
WHAT YOU NEED 道具
- 閱讀練習卡 (也可以自製) Study Cards (or make your own)
- 便條紙 Memo paper
HOW TO PREPARE 事前準備
- 參考下面列表中的歇後語，將每句歇後語的謎面寫在便條紙上，一張一句。 Write the riddle part of each xiehouyu in the below table on to one sheet of the memo paper.
- 將寫好的便條紙逐一摺起。Fold up each memo paper.
- 準備好謎底適用的字卡。(下面有各個字的級別參考。) Pick out the Study Cards that are used in the answer part of the xiehouyu. At the end of this post is a list of the characters and their respective levels.
HOW TO PLAY 玩法
- 家長取出幾張合用的字卡，隨意地排放在孩子面前。
- 由孩子從摺起的便條紙中抽取一張謎面。
- 家長協助孩子讀出謎面。
- 孩子從字卡中取出正確的字，排出答案。
- 如果答案正確，可以得1分。
- Lay down the cards randomly in front of the child.
- Ask the child to draw a folded memo paper.
- Help the child to read out the riddle.
- Ask the child to pick out the correct characters from the cards to form the answer.
- 1 point is awarded to the child for a correct answer.
VARIATIONS OF THE GAME 玩法變化
Depending on the age of your child, you can increase or decrease the difficulty level of the activity by:
- 年幼的孩子，可以從2個歇後語開始。只選合用的字卡，減低難度。
- 年長的孩子，可以增加歇後語數目。也可以另外加插不合用的字卡，由孩子認讀挑選，增加難度。
- 多人玩的情況，可以由家長抽題，孩子輪流作答。也可以將孩子分組，由一組抽題，另一組作答。
- 孩子的得分，無論多少，都應該得到嘉獎。當然，也可以作為競賽。
- To make it easier, start with only 2 questions. You can also lay out only the cards that are part of the answers.
- To make it more difficult, increase the number of questions. You can also add cards that are not part of the answers to challenge the child’s reading.
- When there are multiple players, you can be the one who draws the questions and let the children take turn to choose the answers. You can also divide the children into 2 teams where one team draws a questions and the other answers.
- Praise your child for any points they might have scored. Of course, it can also be a competition between 2 teams.
ACTIVITIY 2 - 歇後語連線遊戲 Xiehouyu joining game
(age 4+, single or multiple players)
WHAT YOU NEED 道具
- 下載練習紙 (連結在下面) Download the worksheet (link below).
HOW TO PREPARE 事前準備
- 列印練習紙。共2頁，視乎孩子年齡，可每次只做一頁。Print out the worksheets. There are 2 pages. For younger children please use only one sheet at a time.
HOW TO PLAY 玩法
- 先參考下面的說明，遂一教導孩子以下的歇後語。
- 當孩子有了一定的掌握，也玩過了第一部分的字卡遊戲後，才做練習紙。
- Teach the following xiehouyu to your child.
- When your child has understood and remembered the xiehouyu, let them play the card game in Activity 1 first. You should only let them attempt the worksheets when they are very familiar with the xiehouyu.
歇後語參考 Reference Xiehouyu
謎面 Riddle | 歇後語 Xiehouyu | 解說 Explanation |
|---|---|---|
池塘裏的風波 | 大不了 | 也可以說是「荼杯裏的風波」 |
雞吃螢火虫 | 心知肚明 | 指心裏對事情非常清楚、明白 |
裏弄裏扛竹竿 | 直來直去 | 「裏弄」，是上海方言，相當於胡同、小巷。這句話比喻說話做事，不拐彎抹角，直接明白 |
切菜刀剃頭 | 危險 | 廚師的切菜刀總是磨得很利的 |
八月十五雲遮月 | 掃興 | 本來八月十五中秋佳節賞滿月，卻被雲遮住了，非常讓人失望，興致全無 |
芝麻地裏的老鼠 | 吃香 | 煮菜添香的麻油就來自芝麻 |
洞裏的蛇 | 不知長短 | |
哈哈鏡照人 | 看不出真相 | 哈哈鏡是表面凸凹不平的鏡面，反映人像及物件的扭曲面貌，沒辦法照出真是的事物樣子。） |
作坊裏的石磨 | 推一推，動一動 | 「石磨」，是用於把米、麥、豆等糧食加工成粉、漿的一種機械。通常由兩個圓石做成，磨是平面的兩層，兩層的接合處都有紋理，糧食從上方的孔進入兩層中間，沿著紋理向外運移，在滾動過兩層面時被磨碎，形成粉末。） |
渾身帖膏藥 | 毛病不少 |
上面所有的歇後語答案都出自課程：
The answer of all of the above xiehouyu are taught in the course:
啟蒙級 Beginning Reader
大 不 了 明 去 來 吃 長 看 出
萌芽級 Budding Reader
心 知 興 真
躍進級 Building Reader
香 毛 動
信心級 Confident Reader
肚 直 病
實力級 Fluent Reader
危 險 掃 少 短 相 推
We would love to hear your comments and see pictures of your kids doing the activities. Make sure you join our Sagebooks HK Parent Support Facebook Group and share with us!
HOMESCHOOLING TIPS
語文學習固然包括寫讀，但「說」也同樣重要。
讓孩子來場演講吧。練習演講可以訓練孩子的思路、邏輯和談吐。
在每星期終結的時候，由孩子將過去一星期所學到的東西來一場簡短的演講。盡量將你的注意力放在他學會的、進步的地方，對他多加讚賞，加強他的自信，不要讓它成為一種壓力。要是孩子出了錯誤，那就正是一個學習的好機會。這樣，在練習「說」的同時，他也可以更徹底地理解和牢記所學過的東西。
Incorporate presentation skills.
A great way to recap what your child has learned is to have them host a quick presentation at the end of the week. Make this a low-pressure presentation and allow your child to feel empowered by praising them for their good work and turning mistakes into positive learning experiences at the end of the presentation.
我們會經常為大家探討漢字和語文的課題。
要是你有特別的相關課題希望我們探討，歡迎您告訴我們。
We discuss Chinese language and culture related topics on a regular basis.
If you would like us to discuss certain topics about Chinese, please let us know.
更多教養支援 SUPPORT FOR YOU
很多家長都已是我們 Facebook 群組【講媽 · 講爸園地】 的成員。歡迎你也加入我們，一起互相鼓勵和支持，共同為孩子的學習而努力。
Many parents are already part of our Facebook Group. If you’d like to take advantage of the collective wisdom of your fellow parents, please join us.
We’d love to hear from you.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.
Sagebooks Hongkong promotes independent reading and life-long learning by nurturing the child’s confidence, autonomy and self-teaching abilities. Since 2006. Find out more About Us.
© 2020 Sagebooks Hongkong. All rights reserved.